Steel Carbon Content Guide
Guide for steel carbon content
Steel Carbon Content Guide
Reference guide for carbon steel grades — carbon percentage, uses, hardenability, and weldability.
| Grade | C % | Carbon Scale | Type | Common Uses | Weldability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1018 | 0.18% | Low Carbon | Fixture clips, brackets, general purpose, easily formed parts | Excellent | |
| 1020 | 0.20% | Low Carbon | Structural parts, shafts, gears (carburized), machine parts | Excellent | |
| 1045 | 0.45% | Medium Carbon | Axles, bolts, connecting rods, hydraulic shafts, blades | Good (preheat recommended) | |
| 1050 | 0.50% | Medium Carbon | Springs, gears, agricultural tools, hand tools | Fair (preheat required) | |
| 1095 | 0.95% | High Carbon | Knives, springs, cutting tools, scrapers, chisels | Poor (requires careful pre/post heat) | |
| 4140 | 0.40% | Alloy Steel | Heavy-duty shafts, gears, studs, tool holders, hydraulic fittings | Fair (preheat to 300-500°F required) | |
| 4150 | 0.50% | Alloy Steel | High-strength shafts, gears, crankshafts, connecting rods | Fair (preheat to 400-600°F required) | |
| 5160 | 0.60% | Alloy Steel | Leaf springs, knives, swords, scraper blades, chisels | Fair (preheat required) | |
| O1 | 0.90% | Tool Steel (Oil) | Cutting tools, dies, gauges, punches, bushings | Not recommended | |
| A2 | 1.00% | Tool Steel (Air) | Blanking dies, forming dies, punches, trim dies, shear blades | Not recommended | |
| D2 | 1.50% | Tool Steel (Air) | Cold forming rolls, stamping dies, slitters, shear blades | Not recommended | |
| S7 | 0.50% | Tool Steel (Air) | Chisels, punches, shear blades, rivet sets, gripper dies | Difficult (pre/post heat essential) | |
| W1 | 1.00% | Tool Steel (Water) | Files, punches, taps, reamers, blacksmith chisels | Not recommended | |
| M2 | 0.85% | Tool Steel (HSS) | Drill bits, end mills, taps, gear cutters, saw blades | Not recommended |
Carbon Scale Legend
How to Use This Guide
- Use the search box to filter by grade number or application keyword.
- Filter by steel type using the dropdown (Low Carbon, Medium Carbon, etc.).
- The visual carbon scale bar shows relative carbon content at a glance.
- Click any row in the table to see expanded details for that grade.
- Use weldability ratings to plan your joining/fabrication approach.
Related Tools
All data is for reference only. Actual compositions vary by manufacturer. All information stays in your browser — nothing is sent to any server.
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